Monday, September 14, 2015

Pain

History of Pain
[The patient feels pain – the doctor elicits tenderness (Norman Browse)]
1.       Original site of pain
2.       Time of onset & mode of onset
(acute/subacute/ chronic)
3.       Severity
·         Individuals react differently to pain. What is a severe pain to one person might be described as a dull ache by another (Browse).
·         Better indication of severity is the effect of the pain on the patient’s life, Ask following to assess severity (Browse)
·         Did it stop the patient going to work?
·         Did it make the patient go to bed?
·         Did they try proprietary analgesics?
·         Did they have to call their doctor?
·         Did it wake the patient up at night, or stop them going to sleep?
·         Was the pain better lying still or did it make the patient roll around?
4.       Nature  or Character of Pain
·         Vague aching
·         Burning
·         Throbbing
·         Scalding
·         Pins & needles
·         Shooting
·         Stabbing
§  Sudden, severe, sharp, and short-lived pain
·         Constricting
§  Pain that encircles the relevant part (chest, abdomen, head) e.g. Angina
·         Colic
Ø  Two features
§  comes and goes in a sinusoidal way
§  Feels like a migrating constriction in the wall of a hollow tube which is attempting to force the contents of the tube forwards.
Ø  A recurring, intermittent pain is not necessarily colic; it must also have a gripping nature.
·         Twisting
·         Just a pain
5.       Progression
6.       Duration
7.       Radiation/Referred/Migration
o   Radiation -extension of the pain to another site whilst the initial pain persists
o   Referred - pain is felt at a distance from its source e.g. Inflammation of the diaphragm will cause a pain which is felt at the tip of the shoulder.
o   Referred pain is caused by the inability of the central nervous system to distinguish between visceral and somatic sensory impulses.
8.       Special time of occurrence
9.       Periodicity(recurrence)
10.   Precipitating/aggravating factors
11.   Relieving factors
12.   Associated symptoms
·         sweating, vomiting,
·         cold extremities, aura, fever

·         hematuria, jaundice

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